Scott MacLeod's Anthropology of Information Technology & Counterculture: Arctostaphylos refugioensis (Refugio manzanita): Gemini generative conversational artificial intelligence responses regarding aging reversal & extreme longevity genetic drug therapies * * * aging reversal & extreme longevity genetic drug therapies emerging * and re testing too by the FDA clinical trial process * and big pharma * and drosophila fly

Harvard and MIT Professor of Genetics' Dr. George Church:

How soon could humans reverse the aging process with genetic engineering? (2019)

"Aging reversal is something that's been proven about eight different ways in animals," geneticist George Church says. So when will humans get to turn back the clock? Church tells 60 Minutes it's not that far away. See the full report, Sunday

60 Minutes

https://youtu.be/bnCEIPQFNnk

AI Overview

Learn more

Dr. George Church, a Harvard genetics professor, is a researcher who is working on ways to reverse aging:

Gene therapy

Church has conducted studies that suggest gene therapy can reverse age-related diseases by boosting proteins that decline with age. For example, in one study, researchers used gene therapy to increase the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase and follistatin in mice. These treatments extended the median lifespan of the mice by 41.4% and 32.5%, respectively.

Ichor

Church's lab is working on a project called Ichor that uses genetic screening techniques to identify genes that are linked to biological processes that change with aging. The goal is to create a "transcriptome clock" that can determine the "age" of a cell. The team then activates candidate genes to see if they can reverse the clock and make cells younger.

Longevity escape velocity

Church hopes to use gene editing to achieve "longevity escape velocity", which is when people can add one year of life extension in less than one year.

Animals

Church believes that studying and reversing aging in animals like mice and dogs could eventually lead to reversing aging in humans. He also believes that organs from pigs, which are similar to human organs and resistant to disease and cancer, could be useful in prolonging human lives.

Virus resistance

Church is working on a strategy to make cells and organisms resistant to all viruses by changing their genetic code

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Gemini generative conversational artificial intelligence responses regarding

aging reversal & extreme longevity genetic drug therapies

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aging reversal extreme longevity genetic drug therapies fda clinical trial process including one health veterinary medicine fda approaches

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and big pharma

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and Drosophila fruit fly and how are these experimental drugs taken up by fruit flies ?

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aging reversal extreme longevity genetic drug therapies ?

January 2025, Google search -

aging reversal extreme longevity genetic drug therapies ?

AI Overview

There are several promising approaches to reversing aging and extending longevity, including drugs, gene therapies, and stem cells:

Drugs

Some drugs that may help with aging include:

Rapamycin: A drug that has been shown to increase lifespan in mice and other model organisms. It's part of a family of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-like protein kinases (PIKKs).

Metformin: A drug that targets known aging processes and may protect humans against age-related diseases.

Resveratrol: A drug that may extend lifespan and reduce age-related diseases in mice.

Gene therapies

Gene therapies could potentially allow people to remain biologically young for many years. For example, telomerase gene therapy has been shown to delay aging and increase longevity in mice. Other gene therapy strategies include:

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems

Virus-like particles (VLPs)

Extracellular vehicles (EVs)

Stem cells

Stem cells are regenerative building blocks that can help replace damaged tissue or worn-out cells. They are also thought to play a role in delaying the aging process.

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aging reversal extreme longevity genetic drug therapies fda clinical trial process

AI Overview

The FDA has not officially recognized aging as a disease, so there are several challenges to developing and approving clinical trials for anti-aging drugs:

Clinical trial design
Because the FDA doesn't consider aging a disease, clinical trials for anti-aging therapies would only include healthy participants. This requires more participants than traditional clinical trials to detect differences between groups.
Trial length
Anti-aging trials would need to be very long to observe a significant difference in lifespan extension.
Cost
Clinical trials can cost tens of millions of dollars, and pharmaceutical companies may not be willing to invest in testing a medication that's already in its generic phase.
Ethical concerns
There are potential ethical concerns, including societal issues around ageism and social inequities.
Other challenges
There are other challenges, such as the need to demonstrate that the therapy is nearly completely safe.

Some drugs that are already in clinical use may target aging processes, such as metformin and rapamycin. Other promising drugs and natural compounds that have been tested in the clinic include:

NAD+ precursors
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
TORC1 inhibitors
Spermidine
Senolytics
Probiotics
Anti-inflammatories

Geroscientists are also examining non-drug interventions to extend lifespan and healthspan, such as senolytics. Senolytics are substances that target senescent cells, which are toxic and inflammatory compound-releasing cells that increase with age.

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aging reversal and extreme longevity genetic drug therapies and big pharma

AI Overview

Big pharmaceutical companies, biotech firms, and academic teams are exploring genetic drug therapies to reverse aging. These therapies could potentially treat age-related diseases, injuries, and improve eyesight.

Research

Harvard Medical School
David A. Sinclair and his team are developing a chemical alternative to gene therapy that could reverse aging.
Rejuvenate
Researchers used gene therapy to double the lifespan of elderly mice by delivering Yamanaka factors.
Telomir Pharmaceuticals
This company is developing Telomir-1, a small molecule that could lengthen telomeres and reverse age-related conditions.
OSK
This gene therapy reversed age-related histone markers in the kidney and muscle.

Companies

resTORbio
This biotech firm is developing candidates to slow or prevent age-related diseases.
Unity Biotechnology
This biotech firm is developing candidates to slow or prevent age-related diseases.
AbbVie
This pharmaceutical company is working with Calico to unravel the biology of aging.

Challenges

Translating promising basic biology into drugs that can meet regulatory approval standards
Determining how to make drugs that slow aging accessible and affordable
Establishing aging as a disease so that drugs can be approved and marketed

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aging reversal genetic drug therapies and drosophila fly

AI Overview

Drosophila melanogaster, or fruit flies, are used as a model organism to study the effects of drugs and genes on aging. Researchers have used fruit flies to study the effects of drugs like rapamycin and 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), as well as genetic modifications to reverse brain aging.

Drugs

Rapamycin
An anti-aging drug that can extend the lifespan of female fruit flies. Rapamycin increases autophagy, the process by which cells dispose of waste.
4-phenylbutyrate (PBA)
A drug that can extend the lifespan of fruit flies when fed to them throughout adulthood. PBA can also be effective when given to flies for a limited time early or late in adulthood.
Everolimus
A derivative of rapamycin that can extend the lifespan of male fruit flies.

Genetic modifications

Preventing F-actin buildup
Researchers have prevented the buildup of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the brains of aging fruit flies. This prevented the accumulation of waste and extended the lifespan of the flies.
Transferring regenerative genes
Researchers have transferred genes from regenerative organisms to fruit flies. This improved the intestinal health of the flies and enhanced stem cell activity.

These studies on fruit flies may lead to new anti-aging strategies for humans

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