Quaker Higher Education (FAHE)
One of the benefits of membership in Friends Association for Higher Education is immediate access to the latest edition of Quaker Higher Education, which you will find as an attachment.
Please share it with potentially interested colleagues. The entire back catalog of QHE is available on the FAHE website.
David Ross (for the Executive Committee)
Bryn Mawr College
*
| 10:23 AM (11 hours ago) |  | ||
| ||||
Dear David, Larry, All,
Thank you for this email, and FAHE (Friends Association for Higher Education) newsletter. With World Univ & Sch's long time interest in facilitating real-real time music making, for virtual choir - https://wiki.
After the Saturday 1/15/22 WUaS Monthly Business Meeting yesterday morning, the treasurer of WUaS, Larry Viehland, mentioned also an article he had come across on online singing -
On-line singing
Larry Viehland
Sat, Jan 15, 7:15 PM (14 hours ago)
to me
The article I remembered at the last minute today was by Esther M. Morgan-Ellis in American Scientist, Vol. 110, Number 1, 2022, pp. 28-35.
And here it is -
Scott MacLeod <sgkmacleod@gmail.com>
Sat, Jan 15, 7:17 PM (14 hours ago)
to Larry
Thanks, I'll check it out, Larry -
https://www.
Sincerely, Scott
I opted out of singing in the Fettes College (a high school I attended for year in Edinburgh, Scotland), recently, partly for abolition (see below) reasons, in some of these regards too. But this Fettes virtual choir, some meeting in person in London, would have allowed all of us to sing together in real real time (albeit not for recording) ... and it would have been very difficult to hear each other across the internet and between Scotland and the SF Bay AREA, in a sense, or respond in a timely way to the musical conductor.
Larry Viehland
Sat, Jan 15, 7:15 PM (14 hours ago)
to me
The article I remembered at the last minute today was by Esther M. Morgan-Ellis in American Scientist, Vol. 110, Number 1, 2022, pp. 28-35.
And here it is -
Scott MacLeod <sgkmacleod@gmail.com>
Sat, Jan 15, 7:17 PM (14 hours ago)
to Larry
Thanks, I'll check it out, Larry -
https://www.
Sincerely, Scott
I opted out of singing in the Fettes College (a high school I attended for year in Edinburgh, Scotland), recently, partly for abolition (see below) reasons, in some of these regards too. But this Fettes virtual choir, some meeting in person in London, would have allowed all of us to sing together in real real time (albeit not for recording) ... and it would have been very difficult to hear each other across the internet and between Scotland and the SF Bay AREA, in a sense, or respond in a timely way to the musical conductor.
Am curious at World Univ & Sch how further to develop online virtual choirs, and perhaps this article offers a viable approach until Google or WUaS develops real-real time music-making (coding for latency).
Friendly regards, and abolition-ally, Scott
See too the 1/15/22 WUaS Agenda and News' item #8 regarding abolition as well -
How can I Keep from Singing?
Silver linings and barriers to choral music
during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Wendy Looker
Early on in the pandemic, we learned that singing can
be a superspreading activity. Leaders in music
education raced to fund aerosol studies and uncover
technologies that would allow us to continue
providing meaningful musical experiences for our
beloved singers. We also worried about the looming
potential for job loss for musicians and teachers. I
spent the summer of 2020 on Zoom, conferencing
with colleagues across the country to learn as much as
I could about emerging best practices the new reality
of online rehearsals and virtual performances.
With funding from a teaching grant, I learned to use
Logic Pro X and Final Cut Pro via Zoom lessons
with a colleague who is well-versed in the production
of virtual choir projects. Throughout the fall of 2020,
I never met nor heard the singers in my choir in
person. Instead, we created a series of virtual choir
videos that were edited together to create a virtual
concert event on Facebook Live. The preparation for
this virtual event was challenging, and both the singers
and I learned valuable lessons about recording and
storytelling through video.
Before the semester commenced, I designed a Canvas
course shell for the College Choir, assigning each song
a module containing all the materials and assessments
necessary to learn that piece. After obtaining licensing
rights from the composers or publishers of each piece,
I posted PDF scores in each module. I also included
video performances, recordings and audio tracks for
practicing, rehearsing synchronously, and finally, for
recording. Preparing practice tracks involves
recording a click track on Logic Pro X using either a
midi keyboard, an acoustic piano, or my own voice.
Tempo is predetermined when using a practice track;
and, while this makes audio mixing infinitely easier, it
robs one of some artistic control and the spontaneity
of a live performance.
With all the necessary materials posted, we began
rehearsing on Zoom.Singers have to remain on mute
while singing along on Zoom. For a number of
reasons, there is no way to sing synchronously, so I
relied on students asking to review parts as they
learned. Occasionally a brave singer would volunteer
to sing alone – a rare opportunity to assess learning in
real time. Asynchronously, students uploaded
assessment recordings made on their smartphones to
which I provided feedback via Canvas. The focus of
our time together in “Zoom rehearsal” often shifted to
discussing the meaning of the song text in breakout
rooms, looking at imagery and sharing design ideas
and creating a storyboard for our video project.
In November, students recorded their videos -- a
process that is much more complicated than it sounds.
With a camera set in the appropriate position, the
singer watches the music on another device, listens to
the audio track in one ear only , and sings to the click
track. (It is difficult to hear yourself sing with earbuds
in both ears),This process was frustrating for many
and certainly not as rewarding as communal singing in
person. I have however no doubt that each singer
learned something about themselves as musicians, and
I was moved by the amount of expressivness I saw in
their faces.
The next step in the process is lonely. After importing
videos into Logic Pro X, I stripped the audio from the
video and edited each vocal track for intonation and
rhythmic alignment. Tuning and correcting pitches
was fascinating, but lining up details like consonants
and cutoffs is something I much prefer doing with a
wave of my hand. Singers make all sorts of micro-
adjustments in intonation, vowel shape, articulation
and dynamics when they are together. It was both
surreal and tedious to simulate this by manipulating a
series of digital squares on the screen.
After balancing voices within and across sections and
selecting the right reverb, the final mp3 file becomes
the audio track for the video designed in Final Cut
Pro. I imported each singer’s video and synched each
person’s lips with the audio track. After cropping and
sizing each singer’s face into a grid, I added images,
backgrounds, transitions, subtitles and a title pages.
Aligning the video production with the audio was an
intriguing, creative process for me as I sought to make
the visual elements enhance the meaning and
expressive elements of the music. Our virtual concert
was a success, and I learned a number of new skills;
but it wasn’t an experience the singers wanted to
repeat in the spring semester.
In January 2021, we took the utmost precautions to
mitigate the spread COVID-19. I provided each singer
with a special mask designed for singing (specifically
RESONANCE Singer’s Mask) we observed social
distancing, opened windows and doors, and rehearsed
in a large auditorium. We even rehearsed in small
sections – only ten singers at a time – rotating every
20 minutes. It was that meaningful to our singers to be
together. As spring approached, we moved outdoors
where we could all gather together and conform to
Guilford College’s COVID-19 restrictions. We battled
wind, lawnmowers, sirens and motorcycles. The
repertoire we learned was simpler and more
conductive to singing outdoors under these less than
ideal circumstances. In lieu of a concert, we filmed
our program outdoors in various formations and
locations on our beautiful campus. The video is lovely,
but the sound quality was a challenge.
We tackled one virtual project: The Bless You and
Keep You by Peter C. Lutkin, which aired during our
virtual commencement ceremony.1
Perhaps the best
benefit of the virtual choir genre is the ability to
engage just about anyone in a project. Many Guilford
College Choir alumni were eager to contribute to the
project. The connection with alumni through the
power of a beloved song is something I will treasure
from this challenging time. This musical offering can
be found here:
https://drive.google.com/file/
c5k1O3UskCtg/view
The happy ending to this story is that we have been
singing on the auditorium stage together for the
entirety of the fall 2021 semester, still masked and
nearly all vaccinated. On December 5 we performed a
joyous program titled We Gather Together. The
concert was live streamed to Guilfordians far and wide
on Facebook Live, and we hosted a healthy-sized live
audience. I have never been more grateful for the
choral arts.
Silver linings and barriers to choral music
during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Wendy Looker
Early on in the pandemic, we learned that singing can
be a superspreading activity. Leaders in music
education raced to fund aerosol studies and uncover
technologies that would allow us to continue
providing meaningful musical experiences for our
beloved singers. We also worried about the looming
potential for job loss for musicians and teachers. I
spent the summer of 2020 on Zoom, conferencing
with colleagues across the country to learn as much as
I could about emerging best practices the new reality
of online rehearsals and virtual performances.
With funding from a teaching grant, I learned to use
Logic Pro X and Final Cut Pro via Zoom lessons
with a colleague who is well-versed in the production
of virtual choir projects. Throughout the fall of 2020,
I never met nor heard the singers in my choir in
person. Instead, we created a series of virtual choir
videos that were edited together to create a virtual
concert event on Facebook Live. The preparation for
this virtual event was challenging, and both the singers
and I learned valuable lessons about recording and
storytelling through video.
Before the semester commenced, I designed a Canvas
course shell for the College Choir, assigning each song
a module containing all the materials and assessments
necessary to learn that piece. After obtaining licensing
rights from the composers or publishers of each piece,
I posted PDF scores in each module. I also included
video performances, recordings and audio tracks for
practicing, rehearsing synchronously, and finally, for
recording. Preparing practice tracks involves
recording a click track on Logic Pro X using either a
midi keyboard, an acoustic piano, or my own voice.
Tempo is predetermined when using a practice track;
and, while this makes audio mixing infinitely easier, it
robs one of some artistic control and the spontaneity
of a live performance.
With all the necessary materials posted, we began
rehearsing on Zoom.Singers have to remain on mute
while singing along on Zoom. For a number of
reasons, there is no way to sing synchronously, so I
relied on students asking to review parts as they
learned. Occasionally a brave singer would volunteer
to sing alone – a rare opportunity to assess learning in
real time. Asynchronously, students uploaded
assessment recordings made on their smartphones to
which I provided feedback via Canvas. The focus of
our time together in “Zoom rehearsal” often shifted to
discussing the meaning of the song text in breakout
rooms, looking at imagery and sharing design ideas
and creating a storyboard for our video project.
In November, students recorded their videos -- a
process that is much more complicated than it sounds.
With a camera set in the appropriate position, the
singer watches the music on another device, listens to
the audio track in one ear only , and sings to the click
track. (It is difficult to hear yourself sing with earbuds
in both ears),This process was frustrating for many
and certainly not as rewarding as communal singing in
person. I have however no doubt that each singer
learned something about themselves as musicians, and
I was moved by the amount of expressivness I saw in
their faces.
The next step in the process is lonely. After importing
videos into Logic Pro X, I stripped the audio from the
video and edited each vocal track for intonation and
rhythmic alignment. Tuning and correcting pitches
was fascinating, but lining up details like consonants
and cutoffs is something I much prefer doing with a
wave of my hand. Singers make all sorts of micro-
adjustments in intonation, vowel shape, articulation
and dynamics when they are together. It was both
surreal and tedious to simulate this by manipulating a
series of digital squares on the screen.
After balancing voices within and across sections and
selecting the right reverb, the final mp3 file becomes
the audio track for the video designed in Final Cut
Pro. I imported each singer’s video and synched each
person’s lips with the audio track. After cropping and
sizing each singer’s face into a grid, I added images,
backgrounds, transitions, subtitles and a title pages.
Aligning the video production with the audio was an
intriguing, creative process for me as I sought to make
the visual elements enhance the meaning and
expressive elements of the music. Our virtual concert
was a success, and I learned a number of new skills;
but it wasn’t an experience the singers wanted to
repeat in the spring semester.
In January 2021, we took the utmost precautions to
mitigate the spread COVID-19. I provided each singer
with a special mask designed for singing (specifically
RESONANCE Singer’s Mask) we observed social
distancing, opened windows and doors, and rehearsed
in a large auditorium. We even rehearsed in small
sections – only ten singers at a time – rotating every
20 minutes. It was that meaningful to our singers to be
together. As spring approached, we moved outdoors
where we could all gather together and conform to
Guilford College’s COVID-19 restrictions. We battled
wind, lawnmowers, sirens and motorcycles. The
repertoire we learned was simpler and more
conductive to singing outdoors under these less than
ideal circumstances. In lieu of a concert, we filmed
our program outdoors in various formations and
locations on our beautiful campus. The video is lovely,
but the sound quality was a challenge.
We tackled one virtual project: The Bless You and
Keep You by Peter C. Lutkin, which aired during our
virtual commencement ceremony.1
Perhaps the best
benefit of the virtual choir genre is the ability to
engage just about anyone in a project. Many Guilford
College Choir alumni were eager to contribute to the
project. The connection with alumni through the
power of a beloved song is something I will treasure
from this challenging time. This musical offering can
be found here:
https://drive.google.com/file/
c5k1O3UskCtg/view
The happy ending to this story is that we have been
singing on the auditorium stage together for the
entirety of the fall 2021 semester, still masked and
nearly all vaccinated. On December 5 we performed a
joyous program titled We Gather Together. The
concert was live streamed to Guilfordians far and wide
on Facebook Live, and we hosted a healthy-sized live
audience. I have never been more grateful for the
choral arts.
--
- Scott GK MacLeod
Founder, President, CEO & Professor
World Univ & Sch (WUaS) - PO Box 442, Canyon, CA 94516
1) non-profit World University and School - http://
2) for profit general stock company WUaS Corporation in CA - http://
(o) 415 480 4577 - sgkmacleod@
(m) 412 478 0116 - sgkmacleod@gmail.com
World Univ & Sch Innovation Research - scottmacleod.com
- CC World University and School - like CC Wikipedia with best STEM-centric CC OpenCourseWare - incorporated as a nonprofit university and school in California, and is a U.S. 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt educational organization.
*
| 10:34 AM (11 hours ago) | | ||
| ||||
David, Larry, Kim,
How to apply this thinking, or these discernments, about Friends' Education - https://www.
Friendly regards,
Scott
And see too these blog labels in daily blog (and WUaS blog too) -
https://scott-macleod.
* * *
And thanks for your email, Mwende, and regarding your interest in "Lego Spike Prime Robotics' Kit" ... and for learning the Python Programming language, after learning the Scratch Programming language in the CC-4 licensed free "CS First with Google at World Univ & Sch" course.
Am seeking for you, and 100 other Cameroonian students interested in a 4 year online free Bachelor Degree
VOLCANO
Sat, Jan 15, 6:57 PM (1 day ago)
to mike, me, Prasanth, Zalmat, Aviv, Anthony, Rohit, Nicolai, Ajit, Mircea, Andrzej, Iulian, Mohamed, Ants, Koh, Scott, Bill, Sainani, Larry, ks3649, Jayni, Kyle, tito, Yuping-CASPA, Yuping-CASPA, Juan, Juan, Edward, Shahbaz, Petros, Lukas, Scott, Charles, Nidahas, mazumdarp, Sid, nidahasvidyalaya, Marisol, Sri, Rohit, Rohit, Kat, Flying, Andi, Kristal, Hashim, Steve, Edward, Raphael, utopiaforever, disisjw242, Royal, Rema, abdelwaheb, Rafael, Julio, Hiền, Rick, Cj, Felipe, Syed, Suzana, Artur, Satoe, Zahra, Nurcan, Aswin, Prem, Reshma, Mala, Narjeet, narjeet, tva, inbox, Karky's, Tamil, Chockkalingam, NTM, Felician, Tanya, dipikakhatri03, Fred, narjeetparo, sab.mukta, Gerd, Peter, Lydia, Denny, Magnus, Christian, Julian, Simone, Rohit, Reshma, John, Moncy, Nancy
Thanks for the update! Mr Scott.
As for the Lego Spike Prime Robotics Kit, if you send it via DHL I'll receive it here in Cameroon and work with it.
It will be a great boost to my studies.
Thank you once more for your support.
Mwende Evande
*
| 8:42 AM (13 hours ago) | | ||
| ||||
Dear Mwende, Universitians, All,
I see you've completed this first 2 hour-long coding units from - https://csfirst.withgoogle.
Characterization
Interactive Presentation
... and that you've done about 25% of these two -
Interactive Presentation
... and that you've done about 25% of these two -
Dialogue
Narration
Narration
Mwende, are you on track to finish this CS First course, doing about 3 UNITS of coding per week ... and potentially another 2 hours of studying and playing with code outside of each hour-long lesson? I'll add more units or lessons when you're ready to play with code further in the future in CS First. :)
And thanks for your email, Mwende, and regarding your interest in "Lego Spike Prime Robotics' Kit" ... and for learning the Python Programming language, after learning the Scratch Programming language in the CC-4 licensed free "CS First with Google at World Univ & Sch" course.
Am seeking for you, and 100 other Cameroonian students interested in a 4 year online free Bachelor Degree program to be able to see your WUaS admin.google.com Workspace for Education dashboard, such as -
MWENDE EVANDE
tayevangujohmwendeevande@
WUaS ... https://admin.google.com/u/2/
- that you've completed the "CS First with Google at World Univ & Sch" course, and that you'd like to order the "Lego Spike Prime Robotics' Kit" as an Engineering Minor (with a 'WUaS Home Robotics' program in it, and as a Computer Science Major) ... and be able to pick your NEXT classes beginning in May too all from within your WUaS admin.google.com Workspace for Education dashboard. And WUaS is seeking to connect with the Cameroon department of education for purchasing the Lego Robotics' kit for this, as well as reimbursement per student per year (or sim) for our WUaS matriculating students for free Bachelors' degrees. ... All from within - WUaS admin.google.com Workspace for Education dashboard - which will include a link to our WUaS Robotics' Store in the WUaS Educational Services' stores - http://
Perhaps WUaS can get further Cameroon competitions like this Google Code Prize going -
https://africatimes.com/2017/
Cheers, Scott
See the 1/15/22 WUaS Agenda and News' items 1, 2 and 3 in these regards -
all regarding CC-4 OCW.MIT.EDU -centric wiki World Univ & Sch ...
* * *
Yoga meditation in half lotus, or on back (easing)
Yoga meditation in half lotus, or on back (easing) ~ most releasing & in visionary ~ (inner releasing action exploring) Begin by lying on your back, on blanket, knees bent, head supported https://domf5oio6qrcr.
Yoga meditation in half lotus, or on back (easing) ~ most releasing & in visionary ~ (inner releasing action exploring) Begin by lying on your back, on blanket, knees bent, head supported https://t.co/Seo1rxhEoP Be warm enough. Can you release the inner arms, belly, legs, face..?
— Languages-World Univ (@sgkmacleod) January 16, 2022
*
Yoga meditation in #HalfLotus, or on back ~easing & for #YogaInnerReleasingAction exploring (Begin with #YogaOnBack, on blanket, knees bent, head supported ~ https://domf5oio6qrcr.
Yoga meditation in #HalfLotus, or on back ~easing & for #YogaInnerReleasingAction exploring (Begin with #YogaOnBack, on blanket, knees bent, head supported ~ https://t.co/xuDvAtOLuI) Be warm. Can you release your #inner arms, hands, your #InnerBelly, legs, face w each breath out? https://t.co/ZhYnuUA16j
— WorldUnivandSch (@WorldUnivAndSch) January 16, 2022
* *
Beautiful amazing Marin county in the vicinity of Mt Tamalpais, with a surprisingly super trail Buckeye, Yolanda and Deer Park Fire Road on AllTrails
Beautiful amazing Marin county in the vicinity of Mt Tamalpais, with a surprisingly super trail Buckeye, Yolanda and Deer Park Fire Road on AllTrails
https://www.alltrails.com/
Beautiful amazing Marin county in the vicinity of Mt Tamalpais, with an surprisingly super trail Buckeye, Yolanda and Deer Park Fire Road on AllTrailshttps://t.co/ZmoPB96Oh2 Bon Tempe trail nearby another day with a friend or two https://t.co/S8aCl9ksuV https://t.co/U7xKu75Ws3~ pic.twitter.com/wZECAYcJ8Y
— Scott_GK_MacLeod_WUaS_worlduniversityandschool.org (@scottmacleod) January 17, 2022
* *
World of Warcraft! ? Wow! #InteractiveFiction? in a #DungeonsAndDragons' adventure:
World of Warcraft! ? Wow! #InteractiveFiction? in a #DungeonsAndDragons' adventure: 'D&D Style RPG (Choices Game) - Apps on Google Play' - https://play.google.com/store/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/WUaSPress/
World of Warcraft! ? Wow! #InteractiveFiction? in a #DungeonsAndDragons' adventure: 'D&D Style RPG (Choices Game) - Apps on Google Play' - https://t.co/tb3HBC7LX4 ~ To Gaming - Digital @WorldUnivAndSch https://t.co/VVBssr0Gxx (https://t.co/iVYHvbZbli) & https://t.co/oBQTOl6UaK?
— Scott_GK_MacLeod_WUaS_worlduniversityandschool.org (@scottmacleod) January 16, 2022
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/WUaSPress/
--
- Scott GK MacLeod
Founder, President, CEO & Professor
World Univ & Sch (WUaS) - PO Box 442, Canyon, CA 94516
1) non-profit World University and School - http://
2) for profit general stock company WUaS Corporation in CA - http://
(o) 415 480 4577 - sgkmacleod@
(m) 412 478 0116 - sgkmacleod@gmail.com
World Univ & Sch Innovation Research - scottmacleod.com
- CC World University and School - like CC Wikipedia with best STEM-centric CC OpenCourseWare - incorporated as a nonprofit university and school in California, and is a U.S. 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt educational organization.
* *
Sunrise in #Canyon94516 up on the ridge 13 years' ago
1 year ago today - work for Work @WorldUnivAndSch, for free to students' online degrees - Bachelor PhD Law MD & IB (or sim) - which is like CC-4 OCW MIT.EDU (in 4 Languages) with Wikidata (in 300 languages) in 200 countries as major Univs https://wiki.
1 year ago today - work for Work @WorldUnivAndSch, for free to students' online degrees - Bachelor PhD Law MD & IB (or sim) - which is like CC-4 OCW https://t.co/mjcDbbu61l (in 4 Languages) with Wikidata (in 300 languages) in 200 countries as major Univs https://t.co/LRKdU7cdv4 ~ pic.twitter.com/HA2c1eGg1Q
— WorldUnivandSch (@WorldUnivAndSch) January 16, 2022
*
Sunrise in #Canyon94516 up on the ridge 13 years' ago today with US Post Office .6 miles' below in the Canyon valley -
https://maps.app.goo.gl/
Sunrise in #Canyon94516 up on the ridge 13 years' ago today with US Post Office .6 miles' below in the Canyon valley - https://t.co/nC9I5QLIdl (wiki add pictures? for #EthnoWikiVirtualWorldGraphy?) - https://t.co/gvsj3NKlal & where @WorldUnivAndSch @WUaSPress are emerging from:) pic.twitter.com/WD84uvCHRA
— Scott_GK_MacLeod_WUaS_worlduniversityandschool.org (@scottmacleod) January 16, 2022
* * *
Good #British #RoboticsBooks' novels: Nobel #KazuoIshiguro's #KlaraAndTheSun (2021) Klara is a B2 model & #IanMcEwan's #MachinesLikeMe (2019) Robot has off switch, a mole on the nape of his neck ~ Into a #
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/WUaSPress/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
No Hanson Robotics' images
https://twitter.com/
Good #British #RoboticsBooks' novels: Nobel #KazuoIshiguro's #KlaraAndTheSun (2021) Klara is a B2 model & #IanMcEwan's #MachinesLikeMe (2019) Robot has off switch, a mole on the nape of his neck ~ Into a #RealisticVirtualEarthForRobotics for #WUaSRobotics https://t.co/k3N4IRKUzo? https://t.co/ibePRbZdUv
— Scott_GK_MacLeod_WUaS_worlduniversityandschool.org (@scottmacleod) January 16, 2022
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/WUaSPress/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
https://twitter.com/
No Hanson Robotics' images
https://twitter.com/
--
--
- Scott GK MacLeod
Founder, President, CEO & Professor
World Univ & Sch (WUaS) - PO Box 442, Canyon, CA 94516
1) non-profit World University and School - http://
2) for profit general stock company WUaS Corporation in CA - http://
(o) 415 480 4577 - sgkmacleod@
(m) 412 478 0116 - sgkmacleod@gmail.com
World Univ & Sch Innovation Research - scottmacleod.com
- CC World University and School - like CC Wikipedia with best STEM-centric CC OpenCourseWare - incorporated as a nonprofit university and school in California, and is a U.S. 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt educational organization.
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World University and School is sending you this because of your interest in free, online, higher education. If you don't want to receive these, please reply with 'unsubscribe' in the body of the email, leaving the subject line intact. Thank you.
*
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_murrelet
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Brachyramphus_marmoratus
...
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