Tuesday, February 3, 2026

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Himalayan Marsh Orchid): consciousness > reality re #Yoga Asked #GeminiAIrePhilosophy where has #YogaPhilosophy as in #8LimbYogaPhilosophy gone regarding #WesternPhilosophy eg #MindBodyConsciousness 'Yoga Philosophy Meets #WesternAcademia' https://g.co/gemini/share/a1f5aa32eb24 See #YogaWUaS: http://www.scottmacleod.com/yoganotations.html ~ * * * What is David Chalmers' theory of consciousness regarding 'reality' re his most recent book, and regarding virtual reality? - "Definition of Real: He defines reality based on digital objects having causal powers, being real entities, and not being mere hallucinations"

 


consciousness > reality re #Yoga
Asked #GeminiAIrePhilosophy where has #YogaPhilosophy as in #8LimbYogaPhilosophy gone regarding #WesternPhilosophy eg  #MindBodyConsciousness 'Yoga Philosophy Meets #WesternAcademia' https://g.co/gemini/share/a1f5aa32eb24 See #YogaWUaS: http://www.scottmacleod.com/yoganotations.html ~

https://x.com/Q_YogaMacFlower/status/2018720473304166646




Just -
'Yoga Philosophy Meets #WesternAcademia' 




Retweeting - 

#YogaWUaS philosophy & consciousness: 
Asked #GeminiAIrePhilosophy where has #YogaPhilosophy as in #8LimbYogaPhilosophy gone; How has it developed regarding #WesternPhilosophy Metaphysics Epistemology #MindBodyConsciousness in recent decades academically?




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Yoga philosophy & consciousness: 
Asked #GeminiAIrePhilosophy where has #YogaPhilosophy as in #8LimbYogaPhilosophy gone; How has it developed regarding #WesternPhilosophy Metaphysics Epistemology #MindBodyConsciousness in recent decades academically?



Yoga #philosophyWUaS & consciousness: 
Asked #GeminiAIrePhilosophy where has #YogaPhilosophy as in #8LimbYogaPhilosophy gone; How has it developed regarding #WesternPhilosophy Metaphysics Epistemology #MindBodyConsciousness in recent decades academically?




AND 

#YogaWUaS philosophy & consciousness: 
Asked #GeminiAIrePhilosophy where has #YogaPhilosophy as in #8LimbYogaPhilosophy gone; How has it developed regarding #WesternPhilosophy Metaphysics Epistemology #MindBodyConsciousness in recent decades academically?


Asked Gemini AI :

Where has yoga philosophy as in 8 limb yoga philosophy gone regarding Western philosophy
?
 

Yoga philosophy, specifically the Eight Limbs (Ashtanga), originates from Patañjali’s Yoga Sutras. It provides a structured framework for living a purposeful, ethical, and disciplined life aimed at spiritual liberation.

The Eight Limbs 

  1. Yamas: Ethical restraints (non-violence, truthfulness).

  2. Niyamas: Personal observances (purity, contentment).

  3. Asana: Physical postures.

  4. Pranayama: Breath control.

  5. Pratyahara: Sensory withdrawal.

  6. Dharana: Concentration.

  7. Dhyana: Meditation.

  8. Samadhi: Enlightenment or oneness.

Would you like me to break down the specific meanings of the Yamas and Niyamas?








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Yoga Philosophy Meets Western Academia

where has yoga philosophy as in 8 limb yoga philosophy gone how has it developed regarding Western philosophy such as metaphysics epistemology mind-body Consciousness questions in recent decades academically


In recent decades, the Eight Limbs (Ashtanga) of Yoga have moved from the periphery of "Eastern mysticism" into a specialized academic field known as Yoga Studies.

1. Metaphysics: Redefining Dualism
Academics are using Yoga’s Sāṃkhya dualism—the split between Purusha (pure consciousness) and Prakṛti (matter/nature)—to challenge the traditional Western Cartesian dualism (mind vs. body).

The Shift: In Yoga, the "mind" (intellect, ego, and memory) is considered part of matter, not consciousness.

Development: Philosophers like David Chalmers and Bernardo Kastrup are referenced in comparative studies to explore whether consciousness is a "fundamental property" of the universe rather than an emergent property of the brain.

2. Epistemology: Validating Inner Experience
Yoga philosophy relies on three Pramanas (sources of knowledge): Perception, Inference, and Testimony.

Academic Trend: There is a growing focus on "First-Person Epistemology." Researchers are debating if meditative insights (Samadhi) can be considered "valid knowledge" alongside empirical scientific data.

Integration: Cognitive science now utilizes phenomenology to study how yogic "witness consciousness" (Sakshin) changes a person's objective understanding of reality.

3. Mind-Body & Consciousness
The Eight Limbs are increasingly analyzed as a psychosomatic technology rather than just a religious path.

Consciousness Studies: Yoga is used as a model to solve the "Hard Problem of Consciousness" by suggesting that awareness can exist without mental content.

Applied Philosophy: Ethics (Yamas/Niyamas) and breathwork (Pranayama) are studied as tools for "emotional regulation," bridging the gap between abstract metaphysics and clinical psychology.

Note: Modern scholarship (e.g., David Gordon White, James Mallinson) has highlighted that the "Eight Limbs" were actually marginal for centuries until being revived and "Westernized" in the late 19th century as a response to colonial science.

Would you like me to find specific academic journals or key contemporary philosophers who specialize in this comparative work?





* 
David Gordon White

https://yogaresearch.org/2023/12/08/interview-with-david-gordon-white/


https://www.religion.ucsb.edu/people/david-gordon-white

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gordon_White

white@religion.ucsb.edu

http://www.modernyogaresearch.org/people/t-z/prof-david-gordon-white/

https://web.archive.org/web/20250220085543/http://www.modernyogaresearch.org/people/t-z/prof-david-gordon-white/


https://web.archive.org/web/20250220085014/https://modernyogaresearch.org/


https://www.yogaanytime.com/instructor-bio/85/David-Gordon-White-Yoga-Teacher



The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography
David Gordon White
The rise, fall, and modern resurgence of an enigmatic book revered by yoga enthusiasts around the world

https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691197074/the-yoga-sutra-of-patanjali



Yoga in Practice
Edited by David Gordon White
Primary texts in yoga, from ancient times to today


https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691140865/yoga-in-practice


https://www.religion.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/2025-11/dgw%20vita%2011-16-25%20-%20David%20White.pdf











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* * * 

Hi Ma, Ed, Pin, Byron, Peter, all, 

Nice to talk on Sunday evening ... You said again "I don't share your reality" and I'm appreciative of the Desiderata here "Speak your truth quietly and clearly; and listen to others..." (https://www.desiderata.com/desiderata.html) so I'm writing and listening ... Appreciating re what I'm calling double Oedipus complex inquiries your differentiating language, between mother and son ... But wondering what you mean further by 'reality' ... some sort of western psychological (even psychoanalytic) concept re language use (even informed by Pittsburgh psychiatrist K.. T....... MD?) ... or regarding my growing a worldwide abolition movement and to knock back international organized crime on Cuttyhunk too even and in international classical music? ... Received another 'Shred-it' spam email this morning to sgkmacleod@worlduniveristyandschool.org (from N... T....... and Google Pgh? ... referring to possibly what the murderous??? swiss or lebanese soldier?? cmu undergrad at the time, wedgie too, frederic khayat said about the "Evict and Extradict" paper notices I posted to the front door of 210 East End avenue ... re his murderous run through attempt of me sadly ... caught on video camera in the 3rd floor kitchen installed by Pgh law enforcement even??? ... and re his involvement in international organized crime in cahoots with french swiss uniformed armed services - wedgie too?? ... and even re the Shady Side Academy junior school nearby and possibly his / their preying on kids ... by militaries and organized crime     ... having seen I think Sundar Pichai in Pgh when in asylum there living in my first asylum house in around 2023 as K.. T....... MD and I walking in East Liberty and talking ... with Sundar in the distance reminding me a little of Gandhi even) ... And while, Ma, I don't think you can share my reality of the sf quajer meeting, and 'wedgie' and female soldier?? renter from AFSC upstairs dallt or dalat from the middle east I think, or wedgie alice sowaal's possibly murderous networks to perpetuate international organized crime and with kids? ... and re Bob Kovsky's asking to meet me on Skyline Dr on behalf of sf quajer meetings' ministry and counsel ... and saying they were preying on kids, I think,   and possibly even since the late 1940s among quajers in CA and in other places  ... And similarly I don't think you can share my reality of frederic khayat's murderous run through attempt of me and even with swiss uniformed services intl organized crime ... I do think we can grow a worldwide abolition movement to protect people, kids, women from international organized crime and also on Cuttyhunk, in Pittsburgh and in the international classical music world too ... re creating reality ... and Yogically too 

A Yoga concept of reality instead of a western psychological (even psychoanalytic) concept re language use?

consciousness > reality re #Yoga
Asked #GeminiAIrePhilosophy where has #YogaPhilosophy as in #8LimbYogaPhilosophy gone regarding #WesternPhilosophy eg  #MindBodyConsciousness 'Yoga Philosophy Meets #WesternAcademia' https://g.co/gemini/share/a1f5aa32eb24 See #YogaWUaS: http://www.scottmacleod.com/yoganotations.html ~

https://x.com/Q_YogaMacFlower/status/2018720473304166646




Appreciating that you're a Unitarian (7 principles - https://www.uua.org/beliefs/what-we-believe/principles) as am I (learning I became a member ... recently), and that I'm also an unprogrammed Friend NtF Quaker (inner Light? and SPICES peace testimony and community) ... both 'reality' wise ... but these identity ways of knowing and thinking and believing aren't philosophy ... and also Yoga minded ... and with a philosophy and understanding of reality too ... subject to inquiry in a western thinking ways ...

Am seeking to teach and introduce further Yoga philosophy into our MacLeod family in some of these regards ... and re communicating about reality or consciousness or subjective experience or awareness or feeling or sentience ... stay tuned ...

Yoga meditatively, 

Scott


PS

Yoga Philosophy Meets Western Academia

where has yoga philosophy as in 8 limb yoga philosophy gone how has it developed regarding Western philosophy such as metaphysics epistemology mind-body Consciousness questions in recent decades academically


In recent decades, the Eight Limbs (Ashtanga) of Yoga have moved from the periphery of "Eastern mysticism" into a specialized academic field known as Yoga Studies.

1. Metaphysics: Redefining Dualism
Academics are using Yoga’s Sāṃkhya dualism—the split between Purusha (pure consciousness) and Prakṛti (matter/nature)—to challenge the traditional Western Cartesian dualism (mind vs. body).

The Shift: In Yoga, the "mind" (intellect, ego, and memory) is considered part of matter, not consciousness.

Development: Philosophers like David Chalmers and Bernardo Kastrup are referenced in comparative studies to explore whether consciousness is a "fundamental property" of the universe rather than an emergent property of the brain.

2. Epistemology: Validating Inner Experience
Yoga philosophy relies on three Pramanas (sources of knowledge): Perception, Inference, and Testimony.

Academic Trend: There is a growing focus on "First-Person Epistemology." Researchers are debating if meditative insights (Samadhi) can be considered "valid knowledge" alongside empirical scientific data.

Integration: Cognitive science now utilizes phenomenology to study how yogic "witness consciousness" (Sakshin) changes a person's objective understanding of reality.

3. Mind-Body & Consciousness
The Eight Limbs are increasingly analyzed as a psychosomatic technology rather than just a religious path.

Consciousness Studies: Yoga is used as a model to solve the "Hard Problem of Consciousness" by suggesting that awareness can exist without mental content.

Applied Philosophy: Ethics (Yamas/Niyamas) and breathwork (Pranayama) are studied as tools for "emotional regulation," bridging the gap between abstract metaphysics and clinical psychology.

Note: Modern scholarship (e.g., David Gordon White, James Mallinson) has highlighted that the "Eight Limbs" were actually marginal for centuries until being revived and "Westernized" in the late 19th century as a response to colonial science.

Would you like me to find specific academic journals or key contemporary philosophers who specialize in this comparative work?





* * * 


What is reality? - In ... western psychological (even psychoanalytic) concept of reality re language ? What is reality here? 


In Western psychology and, more specifically, psychoanalytic theory, reality is not viewed as a fixed, objective "out-there" world. Instead, it is understood as a constructed experience—a synthesis of internal, unconscious fantasy (psychical reality) and the organized perception of the external world (reality testing) largely mediated by language.
Language is not just a tool for describing reality; in psychoanalysis, language creates and shapes the subject's reality.
Here is a breakdown of the psychoanalytic concept of reality regarding language:
1. The Lacanian Framework: Real, Symbolic, and Imaginary
Jacques Lacan restructured Freudian thought around three registers, with language acting as the organizing principle:
  • The Symbolic (Language/Law): This is the order of words, syntax, and social laws. Reality for humans constitutes itself through the Symbolic. As Lacan famously put it, "it is the world of words that creates the world of things". Language imposes structure on raw sensory experience.
  • The Imaginary (Image/Self): This involves ego formation, identification, and illusion. We create a "reality" by organizing images (like in the mirror stage), but this is often based on misrecognition.
  • The Real (The Void): This is not "reality." The Real is what lies outside language and representation, resisting symbolization entirely (e.g., trauma, raw need). It is that which cannot be put into words.
What is reality here? Reality is the interaction between the Imaginary and the Symbolic. It is a "social reality" built by cutting into the Real (the raw, un-symbolized chaos of being) using language.
2. Psychical Reality vs. External Reality
Freud introduced the crucial distinction between material/external reality and psychical reality (unconscious desire).
  • Psychical Reality: Unconscious fantasies, wishes, and traumas often feel more "real" to the subject and have a greater impact on behavior than objective reality.
  • Reality Testing: The ego's task is to distinguish between what is happening in the external world and what is produced by internal, unconscious fantasy.
3. Language and the Unconscious
Lacanian psychoanalysis asserts that "the unconscious is structured like a language".
  • Signifiers: The unconscious functions through signifiers (words/sounds) rather than direct contact with objects.
  • Speaking Subject: The subject is "spoken" by language, as they are born into a pre-existing system of language, laws, and cultural symbols.
  • Empty Speech vs. Full Speech: In therapy, the subject often speaks a "fictitious" reality, but through analysis, they can reveal the "truth" that is usually hidden in the gaps, pauses, or symptoms of their speech.
4. Language in Freudian View: Word vs. Thing
Freud noted that language bridges internal mental states with external perceptions:
  • Word-presentations: Linked to conscious, secondary thought processes and reality testing.
  • Thing-presentations: Associated with unconscious, primary processes (preverbal).
  • The maturation of the ego involves bringing "thing-presentations" (images/drives) into connection with "word-presentations" (language).
Summary: What is "Reality" in this context?
Reality is a linguistic construction that acts as a buffer against raw, unmanageable existence (the Real). It is a "second-order reality" heavily influenced by unconscious fantasies (psychical reality), which are structured, articulated, and sometimes disguised through the symbolic order of language

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What is David Chalmers' theory of consciousness regarding 'reality' re his most recent book, and regarding virtual reality?



In his book Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy (2022), David Chalmers proposes "virtual realism," arguing that virtual reality (VR) is genuine, non-illusory reality. He contends that digital objects are real, and virtual experiences can be as meaningful as physical ones, while also suggesting that living in a simulation is a serious, non-skeptical possibility.
  • Virtual Realism: Chalmers argues that virtual worlds are not "second-class" or illusions. If a virtual experience is sufficiently immersive and interactive, it is a form of reality.
  • Definition of Real: He defines reality based on digital objects having causal powers, being real entities, and not being mere hallucinations.
  • Simulation Hypothesis: He argues that it is possible we are living in a simulation created by a future civilization, and that this scenario is not a reason to doubt the existence of reality.
  • Technophilosophy: The book uses technology (AI, VR) to explore classic philosophical questions about the mind, existence, and knowledge.
  • Consciousness and Substrate Independence: He maintains that consciousness is substrate-independent, meaning it can emerge from digital, silicon-based systems just as it does from biological brains.
Ultimately, Chalmers argues that virtual worlds are a new form of digital reality where, as technology advances, people can lead completely meaningful, valuable lives





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consciousness > reality re #Yoga
Asked #GeminiAIrePhilosophy where has #YogaPhilosophy as in #8LimbYogaPhilosophy gone regarding #WesternPhilosophy eg  #MindBodyConsciousness 'Yoga Philosophy Meets #WesternAcademia' https://g.co/gemini/share/a1f5aa32eb24 See #YogaWUaS: http://www.scottmacleod.com/yoganotations.html ~

https://x.com/Q_YogaMacFlower/status/2018720473304166646



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https://valleyofflowers.info/flowers-found-in-valley-of-flowers/dactylorhiza-hatagirea/












https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Himalayan%20Marsh%20Orchid.html







https://efloraofindia.com/efi/dactylorhiza-hatagirea/


https://greathimalayannationalpark.org/salam-panja/



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylorhiza_hatagirea

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