Tuesday, June 2, 2026

Tarsier: If this initial ER 100 osk clinical trial is successful - "1st clinical trial for #ER100 re #OSK #OSKM #GeneDrugTherapies & #EpigeneticReprogramming re #OpenAngleGlaucoma: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07290244 AND How best @WorldUnivAndSch to dev related pharmaceuticals in #RealisticVirtualEarth & #RealisticVirtualEarthForClinicalTrials?" - how might this open the way to subsequent clinical trials for OSK Yamanaka factors in a variety of different organs in the human body? * * * Are any scientists involved in #DeExtinction regarding genetics attempting to #deExtinct not woolly mammoths or dire wolves or dodos at species' level but specific individuals from the past that have gone extinct such as Oetzi the Iceman in Switzerland - and brainstorming might it even be possible somehow to de-extinct my father Gordon Kenneth MacLeod MD in the distant future (from my brother's and my DNA, for example, and other genetic resources of his ... * * * Antonio Regalado WSJ "Inside Putin’s $26 Billion Quest for Longevity" (Th 5/28/26) and NYT Magazine "Longevity Science Is Overhyped. But This Research Really Could Change Humanity" (April 27, 2026)

 


If this 1st #ER100 #OSK #GeneDrugTherapies  #ClinicalTrial is successful re #OpenAngleGlaucoma -https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07290244 how might this open the way to subsequent clinical trials for #YamanakaFactorsOSKM in a variety of different organs in the human body?
https://gemini.google.com/share/fae7fd59247e ~

https://x.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/2061542194952241312

https://x.com/Q_YogaMacFlower/status/2061542332776984950



If this 1st #ER100 #OSK #GeneDrugTherapy #ClinicalTrial is successful re #OpenAngleGlaucoma -https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07290244 how might this open the way to subsequent clinical trials for #YamanakaFactorsOSKM in a variety of different organs in the human body?
https://gemini.google.com/share/fae7fd59247e ~

https://x.com/WUaSPress/status/2061542618463633656

https://x.com/sgkmacleod/status/2061543495811445000

https://x.com/scottmacleod/status/2061548711843672356
 

If this initial ER 100 osk clinical trial is successful - "1st clinical trial for #ER100 re #OSK #OSKM #GeneDrugTherapies & #EpigeneticReprogramming re #OpenAngleGlaucoma:

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07290244 AND How best @WorldUnivAndSch to dev related pharmaceuticals in #RealisticVirtualEarth & #RealisticVirtualEarthForClinicalTrials?"  - how might this open the way to subsequent clinical trials for OSK Yamanaka factors in a variety of different organs in the human body?





The launch of the ER-100 Phase 1 clinical trial (NCT07290244) by Life Biosciences marks a historic paradigm shift: it is the first-ever human trial evaluating in vivo cellular rejuvenation via partial epigenetic reprogramming. By delivering the OSK transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4) using a modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, ER-100 aims to reset the epigenetic age and restore the function of damaged retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) without erasing cell identity or including the oncogenic factor c-Myc.

Success in this initial trial would fundamentally rewrite the rules of medicine, shifting the goal from managing chronic degeneration to actively reversing cellular aging. Below is an analysis of how this landmark trial could clear the path for multi-organ OSK therapies, followed by a strategic framework for how World University and School (WUaS) can accelerate this pipeline using a Realistic Virtual Earth for Clinical Trials.

Part 1: Opening the Gateway to Multi-Organ Clinical Trials

If ER-100 demonstrates safety and early efficacy indicators in Open-Angle Glaucoma (OAG) and Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION), it provides the foundational proof of concept needed to de-risk and accelerate multi-organ clinical applications.

1. Validating the Safety of Partial Reprogramming In Vivo

The primary hurdle for regulatory bodies like the FDA is the theoretical risk of tumorigenesis (forming teratomas) or unwanted cellular dedifferentiation. A successful Phase 1 trial proves that:

  • Tight Regulation Works: It demonstrates that transient pulses or precise dosing of OSK can reset epigenetic markers (DNA methylation patterns) back to a youthful state without reverting somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells.

  • Omission of c-Myc Subsides Cancer Risk: Proving that the omission of the fourth Yamanaka factor (c-Myc) successfully mitigates oncogenic risk in human subjects.

2. Accelerating Trials in Closely Related Tissues (The Central Nervous System)

The eye is anatomically an extension of the brain. Retinal ganglion cells are complex central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Success in the retina immediately opens the floodgates for treating other neurodegenerative and neuro-traumatic conditions where cells fail to naturally regenerate:

  • Spinal Cord Injuries: Utilizing localized AAV-OSK delivery to stimulate axonal regeneration and functional recovery after trauma.

  • Brain Rejuvenation: Targeting age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease by restoring mitochondrial efficiency and youthful gene expression patterns in cortical and dopaminergic neurons.

3. Expanding to Systemic and Metabolic Organs

Life Biosciences and independent researchers have already begun gathering preclinical data for tissues outside of ophthalmology. Success in the eye establishes the regulatory precedents needed to advance these pipelines:

  • Metabolic and Liver Diseases (MASH/NASH): Preclinical proof-of-concept models have shown that partial epigenetic reprogramming can drastically improve metabolic biomarkers and resolve liver fibrosis.

  • Cardiovascular and Musculoskeletal Systems: Future trials will target the rejuvenation of cardiomyocytes to reverse heart failure, and skeletal muscle stem cells to counteract sarcopenia.

Part 2: Developing Pharmaceuticals at World University and School (WUaS) via a Realistic Virtual Earth

To translate these breakthroughs globally and affordably, World University and School can pioneer an open-access, wiki-modeled computational platform. By combining a Realistic Virtual Earth with molecular/cellular "digital twins," WUaS can establish a massive distributed research infrastructure for Realistic Virtual Earth for Clinical Trials.

1. The Multi-Scale Digital Twin Architecture

WUaS can build an integrated, open-source virtual platform that scales seamlessly across three critical levels:

  • Macro (Geospatial): Utilizing an interactive Earth infrastructure (built on frameworks like Google Earth/Street View) to map global clinical trial cohorts, demographic-specific genetic profiles, and environmental factors affecting aging.

  • Meso (Anatomical/Organ): Creating fully interactive 3D virtual human organs to model drug biodistribution. Researchers can simulate how a local injection (like the intravitreal delivery of ER-100) or a systemic vector distributes across specific organ boundaries.

  • Micro (Molecular/Epigenetic): Embedding time-slider systems at the cellular level. This allows scientists to visually compress or expand time to observe how OSK delivery alters chromatin accessibility, histones, and DNA methylation landscapes over hours, weeks, or decades.

2. Virtual Clinical Trials (In Silico Modeling)

Before launching expensive human trials across diverse organ systems, the WUaS platform can run massive-scale in silico (computer-simulated) clinical trials:

  • Predicting Dosing Windows: Using machine learning to simulate how different organ environments react to the leaky or inducible nature of specific viral vectors, mapping out the precise "bullseye" where rejuvenation occurs without inducing cellular toxicity.

  • Simulating Microenvironments: Modeler-scientists can simulate hostile tissue environments (such as high intraocular pressure in glaucoma or ischemia in NAION) to test whether newly rejuvenated "young" cells can survive and function within an otherwise damaged or aged organ.

3. Decentralized Open-Source Drug Development

Aligning with the WUaS mission of providing free, wiki-based global education and collaborative tools, this approach democratizes pharmaceutical development:

  • Global Crowd-Sourced Science: Using MIT OpenCourseWare models and open wiki pages, academic developers, students, and geneticists worldwide can collaboratively refine AAV delivery mechanisms, tissue-specific promoters, and non-viral delivery alternatives (like lipid nanoparticles for mRNA-based OSK delivery).

  • Cross-Border Regulatory Standardization: By hosting an open repository of virtual trial data, WUaS can assist international regulatory bodies in establishing standard safety metrics for epigenetic therapies. This will reduce drug development costs and accelerate the timeline for bringing multi-organ cellular rejuvenation therapies to clinical trials globally











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Life Biosciences ER-100 gene OSK drug - 1st clinical trial for an OSK drug ...

Huge development: 1st clinical trial for #ER100 re #OSK #OSKM #GeneDrugTherapies & #EpigeneticReprogramming re #OpenAngleGlaucoma:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07290244 How best @WorldUnivAndSch to dev related pharmaceuticals in #RealisticVirtualEarth & #RealisticVirtualEarthForClinicalTrials?

https://x.com/WorldUnivAndSch/status/2017307514984157398

https://x.com/WUaSPress/status/2017309324096512336

https://x.com/TheOpenBand/status/2017308809983889636

https://x.com/scottmacleod/status/2017308418848239956

https://x.com/Q_YogaMacFlower/status/2017309103438369038




Life Biosciences Announces FDA Clearance of IND Application for ER-100 in Optic Neuropathies 


AND 
Life Biosciences Announces FDA Clearance of IND Application for ER-100 in Optic Neuropathies 






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Are any scientists involved in #DeExtinction regarding genetics attempting to #deExtinct not woolly mammoths or dire wolves or dodos at species' level but specific individuals from the past that have gone extinct such as Oetzi the Iceman in Switzerland - and brainstorming might it even be possible somehow to de-extinct my father Gordon Kenneth MacLeod MD in the distant future (from my brother's and my DNA, for example, and other genetic resources of his ... 



Are any scientists involved in #DeExtinction regarding genetics attempting to #deExtinct not woolly mammoths or dire wolves or dodos at species' level but specific individuals from the past that have gone extinct such as Oetzi the Iceman in Switzerland - and brainstorming might it even be possible somehow to de-extinct my father Gordon Kenneth MacLeod MD in the distant future (from my brother's and my DNA, for example, and other genetic resources of his, and for the decades and centuries ahead with extreme longevity genetic drugs potentially emerging, FDA approved ) ... navigating ...

  • Epigenetics and Environment: Even if an exact genetic clone of a specific historical individual could be created, they would not be the same person. They would lack the womb environment, childhood nutrition, ancient microbiome, and cultural experiences that shaped the original individual



Are any scientists involved in #DeExtinction regarding genetics attempting to #deExtinct not woolly mammoths or dire wolves or dodos at species' level but specific individuals from the past that have gone extinct such as Oetzi the Iceman in Switzerland?



Are any scientists involved in #DeExtinction regarding genetics attempting to #deExtinct not woolly mammoths, dire wolves or dodos @ species' level but specific individuals from the past that have gone extinct such as #OetziTheIceman in now Switzerland?

No mainstream scientists are attempting to clone or de-extinct specific historical individuals like Ötzi the Iceman.

Current de-extinction research, led by organizations like Colossal Biosciences and Revive & Restore, focuses strictly on species-level revival and ecological restoration (such as restoring the ecosystem functions of the woolly mammoth or passenger pigeon) rather than resurrecting specific individual organisms.

Why Specific Individuals Are Not Being Cloned

  • Genetic Degradation: Ancient DNA from specimens like the Iceman is highly fragmented, chemically damaged, and contaminated by microbes and modern human handling. De-extinction techniques rely on using CRISPR to edit a living relative's genome to match the extinct species, not perfectly copying a single individual's complete sequence.

  • Ethical Boundaries: While scientists frequently sequence ancient human genomes to study ancestry, migration patterns, and health predispositions, international ethical standards and scientific consensus strictly prohibit any attempts at reproductive human cloning.

  • Epigenetics and Environment: Even if an exact genetic clone of a specific historical individual could be created, they would not be the same person. They would lack the womb environment, childhood nutrition, ancient microbiome, and cultural experiences that shaped the original individual







Ötzi the Iceman is Europe's oldest known natural human mummy. Discovered in 1991 in the Ötztal Alps on the Austrian-Italian border, he lived between 3350 and 3105 BCE, over 5,300 years ago. Because he freeze-dried naturally, his organs, clothing, and final meal remain remarkably preserved, offering unparalleled insight into Copper Age Europe. 

Ötzi the Iceman is Europe's oldest known natural human mummy. Discovered in 1991 in the Ötztal Alps on the Austrian-Italian border, he lived between 3350 and 3105 BCE, over 5,300 years ago. Because he freeze-dried naturally, his organs, clothing, and final meal remain remarkably preserved, offering unparalleled insight into Copper Age Europe. [1, 2, 3]
... ...... .......
For decades, researchers assumed Ötzi died of exposure, but CT scans eventually revealed an arrowhead lodged in his left shoulder. This arrow severed a major blood vessel, causing fatal blood loss. He also suffered a severe blow to the head shortly before death, making his remains the subject of humanity's oldest unsolved cold case. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Health and Physical Condition
Analysis of his preserved tissues and genome indicates: [1]
  • Physical Traits: He was roughly 5'2" (1.6 m) tall, weighed 110 lbs (50 kg), and was about 45 years old at the time of his death. He had brown eyes, dark brown hair, and type O blood. [1, 2, 3]
  • Ailments: Ötzi suffered from lactose intolerance, joint wear, cavities, gallstones, Lyme disease, and intestinal parasites. He is also the oldest known human case of heart disease. [1, 2]
  • Tattoos: His body features 61 tattoos, which correspond to traditional acupuncture points and areas where he suffered from arthritis, suggesting they may have been used for pain relief. [1, 2]
Clothing and Equipment
Ötzi was impressively outfitted for the harsh Alpine environment, carrying a survival kit that included: [1, 2]
  • Copper Axe: A highly valuable and innovative tool for the period.
  • Weapons: A yew longbow, a quiver containing 14 arrows (mostly unfinished), and a flint dagger.
  • Clothing: A coat of goat and sheep skin, bearskin cap, leggings, and waterproof shoes insulated with grass. [1, 2, 3, 4]
.... .... and Descendants
Scientists successfully analyzed his stomach contents, determining he consumed a meal of red deer, Alpine ibex, and einkorn wheat shortly before he died. Furthermore, geneticists have mapped his DNA and found that he has at least 19 living genetic descendants, primarily in the Austrian Tyrol region. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Today, Ötzi and his artifacts are housed in a specialized, sub-zero refrigeration unit at the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, Italy. [1, 2, 3]
For a closer look at the stunning forensic and historical discoveries regarding Ötzi's final days










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Antonio Regalado WSJ "Inside Putin’s $26 Billion Quest for Longevity" (Th 5/28/26) and  NYT Magazine "Longevity Science Is Overhyped. But This Research Really Could Change Humanity" (April 27, 2026)


How to add all this GREAT #AgingReversal #STEMresearch > @WorldUnivAndSch #WUaSunivs' #RealisticVirtualEarthForClinicalTrials esp in #RussiaWUaS for ex
Inside Putin’s $26 Billion Quest for Longevity
https://www.wsj.com/world/russia/putin-longevity-antiaging-92dee6e8 & Longevity Science Is Overhyped
https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/27/magazine/cell-rejuventation-biotech-longevity-research-altos-labs.html? 



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How best to add all this GREAT #AgingReversal #STEMresearch to a #WUaSunivs #RealisticVirtualEarthForClinicalTrials too especially in Russia for es

Inside Putin’s $26 Billion Quest for Longevity



"Longevity Science Is Overhyped. But This Research Really Could Change Humanity." 

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/27/magazine/cell-rejuventation-biotech-longevity-research-altos-labs.html

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Antonio Regalado WSJ Putin & NYT's "Longevity Science Is Overhyped. But This Research Really Could Change Humanity."


Th 5.28/26 
Antonio Regalado
@antonioregalado
·
4h
WSJ front page on Vladimir Putin's longevity quest. Short on detail (basically zero companies or scientists named -- so who is doing this work?). But lots of curious details.

👇

https://x.com/antonioregalado/status/2060384441852125563 


Inside Putin’s $26 Billion Quest for Longevity
From mini-pigs and organ printing to cryotherapy and genetics, Russia’s president has turned antiaging research into a Kremlin priority 



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Dominus, Susan. 2026. "Longevity Science Is Overhyped. But This Research Really Could Change Humanity." April 27. New York, NY: New York Times Magazine.

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/27/magazine/cell-rejuventation-biotech-longevity-research-altos-labs.html

 

--


Society, Information Technology, and the Global University, (forthcoming, Academic Press at World University and School, 2026) 

Scottish Small Piping album #2 - Honey Piobaireachd (2022)
- Poetry! Order Book #5 Light, Float, Sit, Watsu ~ Virtually (2021, Academic Press at WUaS)

Scottish Small Piping album #1 Honey in the Bag ~ Out of the Air tune (2020)


Order Book #3 Winding Road Rainbow: Harbin, Wandering & the Poetry of Loving Bliss (2018,  Academic Press at WUaS)

Order Book #2 Haiku-ish and Other Loving Hippie Harbin Poetry (2017,  Academic Press at WUaS) 

Order Actual-Virtual Ethnographic Book #1: Naked Harbin Ethnography (2016, Academic Press at World University and School)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_tarsier

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tarsius

https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tarsiidae

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